Why is our understanding of the Universe it is necessary to revise
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there is still no consensus about how fast cosmic objects are receding from each other
The universe was born about 14 billion years ago in the Big Bang. Since then it is continuously expanding. But we learned about it little less than a hundred years ago. In 1920, the American astronomer Edwin Hubble invented the big at the time in the world, and his colleague Vesto Slipher noticed the red glow of the nebula — what today we call galaxies — and determined that the nebula appear red to us because of the fact that removed from our planet. This effect is called red shift — observable for all distant from Earth sources (quasars, galaxies) radiation, which suggests that all sources are removed from each other. In other words — red shift means that expanding. Recently, scientists wanted to calculate the exact speed of its expansion. It turned out that our understanding of the Universe can be fundamental inaccuracies.
What is the Hubble constant?
Edwin Hubble led to the observation of the nebula of Andromeda and was able to classify it as a star system. The opening of the astronomer has expanded our understanding of the Universe — now we know that it is filled . Thus Edwin Hubble discovered cosmological law, which characterizes the expansion of the Universe. To calculate the rate at which the universe is expanding, it is necessary to use the factor of proportionality — Hubble constant.
Using the Hubble constant to determine the average value of the speeds of galaxies. The value of the coefficient of proportionality, derived the scientists is around 500 km/s at 1 MPC. Recall that cosmic distances are measured in parsecs: 1 parsec is equal to 3,0857•1019 kilometers. And one megaparsec — is the distance of one million parsecs.
All we know about the expansion of the Universe
However, the moment led his Hubble constant, astronomers, who are monitoring the expansion of the Universe, every time you come to the different values of the Hubble constant. And these values are not consistent with each other. Such a discrepancy casts doubt on our ability to determine the exact age of the Universe and even call into question our understanding of its fundamental laws.
So how fast the universe is expanding?
A Group of researchers under the guidance of University of Chicago astronomer Wendy Freedman measured the brightness of the red giants in distant galaxies. The study revealed that the distance from Earth to the red giants proved to be easier to compute than the distance to other stars. Thus, according to the calculations of astronomers, the universe is expanding with a velocity of 69.8 km/s at 1 MPC. Note that the results of the study will be published soon in the Astrophysical journal.
As you can see, the results obtained differ from those calculated Hubble. According to Friedman and her team, the speed of expansion of the Universe slower than the speed that you calculated the other team of scientists in a recent study — it professionals focused on a different type of star. However, the Friedman results exceed the expansion rate of the Universe, which was calculated in another study in which the astronomers measured the balance after the CMB , also called the microwave background radiation.
Thus, the Hubble constant is the biggest challenge of modern cosmology. Experts do not exclude that after determining the expansion rate of the Universe, we can get closer to solving the mystery of dark matter and dark energy.
we Know the precise expansion rate of the Universe?
In the middle of the next decade NASA experts hope to launch in orbit, Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) — wide-range infrared telescope. Scientists believe that with it, astronomers will be able to more accurately measure distances between space objects. And this, in turn, can lead us to agreement values of the Hubble constant.
So it will look like a new telescope NASA
What do you think, as evidenced by the different values of the Hubble constant? Share your opinions in the comments and with the participants .
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