What lies beneath the ice of Antarctica?
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Under the ice at the South Pole of the planet lies a whole continent
— the most poorly understood continent on the planet, which has multiple records. So, it was blowing the strongest winds on the planet, there was recorded the lowest temperature — 89 degrees below zero, and in this place is the biggest crater on Earth. Despite the fact that the surface of the continent-the champion for several millions of years was covered with ice and snow, the scientists were able to show the appearance of a blossoming Antarctica of the past.
What is under the ice of Antarctica?
Antarctic ice sheet is so heavy that the surface of the coldest continent on the planet caved in under the weight of ice and snow almost at 500 meters. Still, the ice sheet of Antarctica holds 90 % of all ice on Earth! In the present day is the coldest continent of the planet begins to reveal its secrets: as a result, its surface is gradually exposed, revealing a world unexplored and mysterious territory.
One of the most interesting discoveries was the discovery of the valley under Byrd glacier. Currently, the valley is considered the deepest point, located within the continent, as a unique place located at a depth of 2780 meters.
East, located in close proximity to the eponymous Antarctic station, is currently under the ice at 4,000 meters. Scientists believe that despite the huge pressure of the water in the lake, which is approximately 300 atmospheres in this pond can be inhabited by organisms endowed with truly unique properties. Due to the fact that lake Vostok many millions of years has been isolated from the outside world, the local fauna may be radically different from those already studied.
Lake Vostok is located under the eponymous station in Antarctica
looked Like Antarctica in the past?
Despite the fact that currently Antarctica is almost entirely a icy climate on the mainland was not always so. The fact that Antarctica was once part of the giant continent Gondwana, obladavshego warm and humid climate. Antarctica was the last rainforest, although it was then in the southern part was sometimes quite cold and sometimes even snowing. Fauna of the Mesozoic was also well presented in the form of some dinosaurs, ancient birds and mammals. So, one of the first finds of the Antarctic was cryolophosaurus, whose length reached 8 meters. In order to retrieve the remains of the ancient monster from many kilometers of ice, the researchers had to first blow up the frozen dinosaur dynamite, and then collecting the scattered parts of cryolophosaurus on the mountain slopes.
was Found in Antarctica and cryolophosaurus combines features of tyrannosaurs and allosaurus, reaching a length of over 8 meters
What happens if the ice of Antarctica melts?
Researchers believe that if all concentrated in the Antarctic ice completely melts, the sea level on our planet will rise about 60 meters. As a result of such cataclysm under the water risk to leave , among which are London, new York, Saint Petersburg and Sydney. In addition, will go under the water and part of the coastal European countries such as the Netherlands and Denmark. The Antarctica will suffer substantial territorial losses: the Western part of the continent will turn into an archipelago with many Islands, forming a brand new map of the ancient continent.
Antarctica future risks to turn into a quite comfortable life in the archipelago.
According to official data, on the Antarctic Peninsula has been already observed, the appearance of the tundra zone. Scientists believe that in connection with increase in average temperature on the planet, on the mainland will soon begin to grow trees and the number of animals with each passing day will only increase.
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