Mars is not the friendliest planet for humans
While the Red Planet is roaming rovers, researchers are pondering the construction of shelters and materials needed by future Martian colonists. The authors of the new paper suggest that we could use one of the most common organic polymers on Earth to build shelters on Mars. This material, called chitin, is produced and metabolized by most biological organisms and makes up the bulk of the cell walls of fungi, scales of fish and amphibians, as well as crustaceans. The team, led by Javier Fernandez of the University of Technology and Design of Singapore, tried to create the material by combining chitin fiber with a mineral material that mimics Martian soil. This study is crucial for future space missions to the moon and Mars, which may include a long stay in space.
According to the authors of the paper, published in the journal, chitin is one of the materials that can be used to design the necessary shelter in space. In the course of the work, the researchers used chitin to develop an "artificial ecosystem that will support human health in the Martian environment." The production of shelter materials on Mars must be cost-effective, and, as the author writes, "sustainable production of these materials must be contextualized in the Martian ecosystem."
The hit material can also be used to design tools. So, the team created a wrench by combining chitosan derived from chitin with a mineral that mimics soil on Mars. The results showed that the new material can quickly produce basic tools and build shelters. Dr. Fernandez that bioinspirated production and sustainable materials do not replace synthetic polymers, but instead allow technology to identify a new kind of production that synthetic analogues cannot achieve.
Chitin can be cast in different forms.
We have demonstrated that chitin materials are important not only for our survival on Earth, but also for one of the next major achievements of mankind: our transformation into an interplanetary species.
Scientists in the laboratory were able to produce the Martian Biolite using chitosan derived from the cuticle of arthropods by processing sodium hydroxide, a component obtained on Mars through electrolytic hydrolysis. Simply put: the resulting material "looks like concrete, but much easier."
Since chitin is very common on our planet, it can also be used for food production and life support systems. Researchers note that this almost versatile material can be used in agriculture and biological waste processing. Chitin can also be used in the production of bioplastics. Moreover, the study notes that the extraction of chitin will not compete with the supply of food, but is a by-product.
Note that the chitin technology was originally developed to create circular ecosystems in urban environments, but the researchers realized that the developed technology would be sufficient in closed artificial ecosystems, such as other planets. "While scarce resources in extraterrestrial environments pose extraordinary challenges to establish a closed ecological cycle that supports human activity, conceptually it is similar to the problem of sustainable development on Earth," the authors concluded.
Despite the fact that it is possible to build whole shelters from chitin, this material will not save from cosmic radiation
Recall that in the last few years several countries have announced their intention to send a man to Mars. However, many scientists regularly express doubts about this idea, reminding of space radiation - one of the leading problems between humanity and space travel. As the results of numerous scientific studies have shown, cosmic radiation can have a negative impact not only on the body, but also on the brains of future astronauts. Learn more about this issue
However, an unfriendly space environment does not mean that humanity will remain forever on Earth. Elon Musk's SpaceX and NASA are set to send their first humans to Mars in just three years, so the question of sheltering astronauts on the Red Planet is more relevant than ever. And do you think that in 2024 the first manned mission to Mars in the history of mankind will take place? We will wait in the comments to this article as well as
Recommended
Related News
New proof of string theory discovered
Just a few years ago, it seemed that string theory was the new theory of everything. But today the string universe raises more questions than answers String theory is designed to combine all our knowledge of the Universe and expla...
What is the four-dimensional space?
Modeling camera motion in four-dimensional space. View the world in different dimensions changes the way we perceive everything around, including time and space. Think about the difference between two dimensions and three dimensio...
Some scientists believe that death does not exist. But why?
a scene from the sci-Fi Thriller «edge of tomorrow» with Tom cruise and Emily blunt. Each of us sooner or later face death. But what happens at the moment of dying and after it? Throughout its history, humanity seeks ans...
Computer simulation proved that the "butterfly effect" does not exist
the butterfly Effect refers to the properties of some chaotic systems Well, science fiction fans – it's time disappointments. Remember the story of ray Bradbury «sound of thunder»? In this hunter fan named Eckels goes on...
15 of the best quotes of albert Einstein about science and life
albert Einstein was synonymous with the word «Genius». Yes, with a capital letter. No wonder they say that a talented person is talented in everything. The genius can also be called a talent because it is a unique featur...
Astronomers have discovered the effects of the oldest flashes in the observable Universe
Afterglow SGRB181123B, captured by the Gemini North telescope. The afterglow marked with a circle. Astronomers recorded the afterglow of the weak and the quick burst detected at a distance of 10 billion light years from Earth. Thi...
New temperature record can be delivered in 2024
do you personally Feel the consequences of climate change? Response the World can see how the annual global temperature for the first time in the next five years will overcome a key threshold, as reported by the meteorological Ag...
What scientists know about the age and expansion of the Universe?
Before you the milky Way, rotating on a Tasmanian lake in the still waters of which reflected the shining stars. Measurement of small variations of the polarization properties of the CMB (red and blue in the picture) show the age ...
How many tables of chemical elements actually exist?
Before you the classification of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of different properties of the elements of their charge of an atomic nucleus. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev presented to the colleagues from the Russian ch...
If people are so smart, why the brain becomes less?
For the last 20 thousand years the human brain has decreased. But what does this mean? you may not know this, but there are several theories about why the human brain is getting smaller since the stone age. The changes that have o...
What is black planet and do they exist?
Exoplanets are planets orbiting other stars. Recent studies have shown that black planets (hot Jupiters) exist. The black planet in the observable Universe was discovered space telescope NASA Spitzer. Incandescent ball of gas or &...
Brain copies the thinking of others by observation
it Turns out we copied the thoughts of others. But how? the Character Hugh Laurie from the TV series «Dr. house» once said: «monkey see, monkey do». This is a very simplistic view of how we are sensitive to oth...
Six months of a pandemic – the results
Coronavirus will forever change the world to Say that the pandemic COVID-19 changed the world, to say nothing. Over the last six months in most countries, was introduced strict quarantine measures and social distancing and self-is...
Temperature on Earth today higher than 6500 years ago
the time has Come to realize something – the old world will be gone. recently on the Siberian city of Verkhoyansk, temperatures set a record for the Arctic region and has caused serious concern of meteorologists all over the world...
Astronomers first saw the light from the collision of two black holes
the Collision of two supermassive black holes might look like this the Astronomers first saw light burst from the collision of two black holes. The object was found at a distance of 7.5 billion light years from Earth. At the time ...
Asymptomatic carriers of the coronavirus spread it on all surfaces
Despite the hot summer, the possibility of Contracting coronavirus nikudane gone Summer, sun, walks, picnics – it seems that all is back to normal. The streets are again filled with people, and restrictions are gradually removed. ...
The consequences of the use of masks – what you need to know?
Since the beginning of the pandemic COVID-19 the question of the need of using protective masks regularly raised Medical workers wearing surgical masks and there is strong evidence that it limits the spread of respiratory viral in...
Is it true that scientists have discovered a particle associated with dark matter?
If axions do managed to find it – the real scientific breakthrough Physicists say they've found evidence of the existence of the elusive elementary particles axion, which can be part of the mysterious dark matter. Research project...
Climatologists are concerned about the abnormal heat in Siberia
a Map showing where in may the temperature was warmer (red) or cooler (blue) than average for a long period of time. Photograph: Modis/NEO/Nasa Summer 2020 marked by the suppression of coronavirus infection, but this does not mean...
Stress the silent killer, from the effects of which annually affects millions of people around the world. This may seem surprising, but many people underestimate the danger of stress. Meanwhile, a number of studies on both animals...
Comments (22)Add comment
Sandra Gomez
Yesterday 05:56:06
I met and fell in love with a handsome man on an online dating site, but I was duped. I chose to look into him since he persisted in demanding money and other things, even though I couldn't see him. I was able to access his phone and all of his personal information from my home country because I contacted Redeemed Hacker-Pro, a hacking and digital asset recovery agency, to do a phone/system hack on his phone. Thanks to Redeemed Hacker Pro, I discovered after the hack that the handsome man I had met online was not who he claimed to be. You can also contact this agency through their hotline in any situation involving hacking and the recovery of lost money or cryptocurrency. Email: redeemed.h.p. @consultant.com Website: redeemedhackerpro.wixsite.com/redeem-hacker-pro.
Andrian Wealth
2024-02-06 в 00:32:57
The services of the group Redeemed Hacker-Pro, Hacking/Digital Assets Recovery Agency, are highly recommended by me. They work with professionalism and discretion; using the card, I was able to withdraw $85,000 to get things started. In just three weeks, my life has completely changed; they have the best hackers & recovery agents, and above all, they have the best customer service representatives who genuinely care about your happiness. Please email them at redeemed.h.p@consultant.com or Website: redeemedhackerpro.wixsite.com/redeem-hacker-pro, if you would like to obtain a program blank ATM card. You can also contact them for assistance with clearing or erasing criminal records, recovering funds or cryptocurrency, and many other issues.
Emmanuel Boatright
2024-01-22 в 23:38:27
'There's got to be a great line drawn between these crypto scammers and the havoc they are wrecking on their victims. How would have I survived this tragedy of losing almost Six hundred and fifty-eight thousand Pounds to an impostor posing as a Blockchain trade agent? I just can't stop emphasizing the good deeds of CY-BER GENIE HACK PRO. I don't want to be like the 10 blind men from the bible who Jesus delivered them but only one came to appreciate his gestures to them. I am posting this review for myself, I am contributing my quota of making the internet the safe place it used to be by referring scammed victims to (CY BERGENIEHACKPRO) on Telegram for assistance in tracing, and high chances of recovering their stolen money. I wish those who had been rescued from fraudsters by Cyber Genie Hack Pro's team could post their success stories like mine, doing so, they will reach a larger audience thereby creating more awareness that you can recover your stolen money from scammers. My dealings with Cyber Genie were great, I first had my reservations because I had already lost hundreds of thousands worth of crypto coins, but I was thrilled by their engagement to my task of recovering my stolen money. Never give up if you have been scammed, CYB-ER-GE-NIEH-ACK PRO is all you need. You can find them on their WhatsApp also: (+)(1252-512-0391) Mail them on; (cybergenie(@)cyberservices(.)com)'
Brenda Sabasty
2024-01-22 в 15:18:58
It can be quite bad to lose money. It can, to put it mildly, always lead to hopelessness and suffering, which is exactly what happened to me. Everything appeared genuine until I discovered, after putting $1,894,000 in cryptocurrencies in an online investment scam, that I had been conned. I had been depressed for days until I saw an article about Redeemed Hacker-Pro, a hacking and digital asset recovery agency, and how they help victims of fraud regain their lost money. After some hesitation, I chose to give them a shot. Working with Redeemed Hacker-Pro, I was able to recover my stolen money back after a few procedures in a matter of hours. Redeemed Hacker-Pro is also available to assist any further victims of scams. reach out to them now through their urgent line at' Email:- redeemed.h.p@consultant.com or Website:- https://redeemedhackerpro.wixsite.com/redeem-hacker-pro
Ryan Serhant
2024-01-09 в 13:22:42
I am happy having Recoverycoingroup at gmail dot com recover all my crypto currency worth about 546k EURO. I was a victim of clicking on a phishing email and all my savings got wiped out from my trust wallet. I was mentally derailed but after I came across Recovery Coin Group, I was assured of getting my cryptos back and they did. I strongly recommend you contact them asap if you have similar experience.
Rusty Macdonald
2024-01-02 в 18:19:10
When my cryptocurrency investment went into the wrong hands, I lost $577,510 in Bitcoin and was defrauded of my hard-earned money. I was about to give up after finding out that it could not be found or recovered, but then I saw a Google post about a real hacker at Lord Hacker Ultimate Digital Assets Recovery Agency which is also a stolen fund/Crypto Recovery Agency. I was shocked to learn that after working with them, they had successfully recovered $577,510, which is my entire loss in BTC. I'm very grateful and relieved that I was able to recover all of my missing Bitcoin. Contact them at their hotline now at: WhatsApp: +16266210821; Email: L.H.ULTIMATE@FASTSERVICE.COM Telegram: @Lordhackerultimate Signal: +16266210821
Cynthia Martins
2023-11-29 в 00:17:02
I had already given up on trusting any online cryptocurrency or Bitcoin investment platform after losing $784k to an online BTC investment scammer in March this year. Fortunately, I was able to find Lord Hacker Ultimate Digital Assets Recovery Agency online, a company that is an expert in both cryptocurrency and blockchain networks. It was a horrible time for me, but Lord Hacker Ultimate essentially saved my life by assisting me in Recovering and pulling back all of my transactions to the scammers in a matter of hours. I also received the same amount that I had lost to those scammers. I would recommend anyone in a similar circumstance not to worry; Lord Hacker Ultimate got you covered. You can reach them at Email: L.H.ULTIMATE@FASTSERVICE.COM, WhatsApp: +16266210821, Telegram: @Lordhackerultimate, or Signal: +16266210821.
Yuri .M. Dhahadi
2023-11-23 в 16:18:16
Lord Hacker Ultimate Digital Assets Recovery Agency stands as a beacon of hope for individuals who have experienced the anguish of losing their hard-earned funds or valuable crypto holdings. The agency comprises a team of seasoned experts with profound knowledge and experience in the intricate realm of digital assets and blockchain technology. Their primary objective is to provide comprehensive assistance to those who have encountered setbacks in their digital asset endeavors, offering a glimmer of hope in what may seem like a dire situation, I was also a victim of a crypto scam victim, after I lost about $8,700,000.00, to fake online investment, though all hope of recovering back my funds/Crypto was lost, but with the help of Lord Hacker Ultimate, I was able to recover all i lost, you can also contact them if you are a victim via hotline service: Email: L.H.ULTIMATE@FASTSERVICE.COM, website: https://lordhackerultimates.wixsite.com/lordhackerultimate Telegram: @lordhackerultimate, Signal No: +16266210821, WhatsApp No: +16266210821 Kindly let them know that Mr. Yuri M.D, their past client, recommended you to them.
Alena Darja
2023-11-06 в 18:50:32
HOW I RECOVER MY LOST BTC THROUGH OMEGA CRYPTO RECOVERY SPECIALIST I'm from Lida, Belarus and my name is Alena Darja. Investing in cryptocurrency can be a lucrative opportunity, but it comes with risks. Unfortunately, I learned this lesson the hard way when I lost my initial investment of $136,000 to a fake online investment platform but thanks to Omega Recovery Specialist who was able to recover 90 percent of my money. I'm so grateful and I'm putting this here for everyone to see. +1 (251), 2 16. 64 6 6 (Mail; omegaCryptos @ consultant . c o m )
Murphy colin
2023-11-06 в 17:33:45
After a number of failed attempts by several hackers to recover my assets, Hacker sprints Recovery enhanced me to do so. I had lost my BTC and USDT to a well-organized crypto trading fraud circle, and I had almost given up optimism. Afterwards, I discovered Hacker sprints Recovery on Google's ad platform with numerous positive ratings. When I had to contact Hacker sprints Recovery, they were happy to support me the same day and it took them 72 hours to return my assets. It was fantastic, and I can't even put into words how I felt. I am so grateful for Hacker sprints Recovery that I have rivers of joy in my eyes. I will always be in your debt. Hacker sprints Recovery gets my expert BTC recovery advice. For proper service visit their website through:Email:hackersprints@gmail.com
Hassan Namal
2023-10-12 в 20:16:17
I met someone on an online dating (BDSM) app. At some point, the scammer instructed me to send crypto assets to what I believed was a legitimate banking app based in Singapore. But the scammer provided fake instructions so that my money went into the crypto asset wallet belonging to the scammer instead. I deposited Ethereum (ETH), Bitcoin (BTC) and USDT into the scammer’s account on three separate occasions, eventually losing thousands of dollars. I hired “HACKWEST AT WRITEME DOT COM” who specializes in crypto assets recovery and credit fix and was able to locate the scammer’s wallet through blockchain forensic analysis and was able to recover all my funds which is about 448,000 USD.
David Lane
2023-10-10 в 14:29:08
Be Careful about sites or groups on Facebook that promise high ROI if you invest with them. I got ripped off after I invested my hard earned money with one group I contacted via Facebook. I invested 32,000 USD and got an interest of about 11,000 USD after a month which appeared on my dashboard. Few days later I was asked to invest in their Gold package and that informed me to invest about 250,000 to get about 1,000,000 USD in less than one month. After I enrolled in this package I was unable to withdraw after two months, I tried severally and texted support but was asked to invest more then I knew it was a scam. I read about RECOVERYCOINGROUP AT GMAIL DOT COM and quickly contacted them. After meeting up with their requirements, all my money was recovered in less than seven days without any trouble. I strongly recommend this group.
Benjamin
2023-07-13 в 03:44:24
if you need any hacking help just contact hackerjudas9@gmail.com and you will give a good testimony, you can also Instagram: hacker Judas, all i can say is reach out to tem if you need and the rest will be history
Barb York Bogar
2023-07-03 в 19:25:36
It is possible to recover what you lost to scam brokers but most people don't know this because they are either not informed or they have been conned by a recovery expert. Truth is there are only a few people who can pull this off and I was lucky to meet with one of them. If you need help with this I suggest you send a mail to "RECOVERYCOINGROUP AT GMAIL DOT COM". Yes I'm doing this for the first time ever, after they helped recover over 458,000£ I invested into what I later found out to be a scam. I did promise to let the world know about the good works of this great group. Do well to let Russel know that Barb York referred you.
sean philips
2023-05-12 в 12:44:41
Financial Assistance from a Private Money Lender, No Repayment Penalty 48 hours delivery service 3% interest rate Loan amount from $50,000.00 to $20,000,000.00 Duration of 12 months to 10 years maximum. Thank you, STEVE WILSON. 5930 Hyacinth Path Way Houston, TX 77049 WHATSAPP: +393481703911 Email: stevewilsonloanfirm@gmail.com company website: https://stevewilsonfinancialloanfirm.weebly.com
Karen Thompson
2023-02-03 в 21:49:18
Recording success in Cryptocurrency.. Bitcoin is not just buying and holding till when bitcoin sky-rocks this has been longed abolished by intelligent traders mostly now that bitcoin bull is still controlling the market after successfully defended the $20,000 support level once again and this is likely to trigger a possible move towards $40,000 resistance area However it is best advice you find a working strategy by hub/daily signals that works well in other to accumulate and grow a very strong portfolio ahead. I have been trading with Mr Mark Toray’s daily signals and strategy on his platform and his guidance makes trading less stressful and more profitable despite the recent fluctuations I was able to easily increase my portfolio in just 3weeks of trading with his daily signals growing my 0.9 BTC to 2.9BTC. Mr Toray’s daily signals are very accurate and yields a great positive return on investment. I really enjoy trading with him and I’m still trading with him He is available to give assistance to anyone who love crypto trading and beginners in bitcoin investment I would suggest you contact him through mail marktoray8@gmail.com or telegram @mark4toray bitcoin is taking over the world
Cherylise Jonathan
2022-12-17 в 10:00:54
It’s imperative that I tell you this. You guys have to note that not all those out there who pose to be hackers are real. Creditors kept coming after me and putting all to my credit report; this really caught up with me and kept drowning my credit score. My score was 510 and all my cards were maxed out. I have been on a search on how to take off eviction from my public records and most people on different forums kept talking about a professional but they were all fakes until my Grandpa introduced me to what he referred to as “the best and reliable hackers PINNACLE CREDIT SPECIALIST” I emailed them on PINNACLECREDITSPECIALIST@GMAIL.COM. They gave me some instructions which I followed, it’s been 4 working days since I subscribed to their services and my score has been increased to 809, all the negatives are gone. I’ve been crying tears of joy. You can as well reach +1 480-420-8331.
Cee Jason
2022-12-04 в 15:30:25
Thank you PINNACLE CREDIT SPECIALIST for helping me to wipe all mortgage trade lines. Removing credit card debt and auto trade lines on my credit report with 3 days and he helped me raise my credit score to 801 excellent score. I got the loan. I was able to acquire a dream house and he is the best and very affordable. Contact them via: pinnaclecreditspecialist @ gmail . com / (480) 420 8331.
Anna Delaney
2022-11-26 в 15:17:49
I appreciate PINNACLE CREDIT SPECIALIST for their help with my credit score. We started late last month and in less than 18 days my negative items, credit card debt and evictions have been removed without any trace. They also increased my credit score from 582 to 811 excellent score. I can assure you PINNACLE CREDIT SPECIALIST is the best credit repair company who can fix your credit without asking for outrageous fees. Today I’m living a free life, with no worries about my credit report. I really appreciate PINNACLE for the job done on my credit report. They’re the best. You can contact: pinnaclecreditspecialist @ gmail . com / +1 (480) 420 8331.
Elizabeth Addison
2022-08-06 в 21:10:51
GET RICH WITH BLANK ATM CARD ... Whatsapp: +18033921735 I want to testify about Dark Web blank atm cards which can withdraw money from any atm machines around the world. I was very poor before and have no job. I saw so many testimony about how Dark Web Cyber hackers send them the atm blank card and use it to collect money in any atm machine and become rich.(DWCHZONE@GMAIL.COM) I email them also and they sent me the blank atm card. I have use it to get 250,000 dollars. withdraw the maximum of 5,000 USD daily. Dark Web is giving out the card just to help the poor. Hack and take money directly from any atm machine vault with the use of atm programmed card which runs in automatic mode. You can also contact them for the service below * Western Union/MoneyGram Transfer * Bank Transfer * PayPal / Skrill Transfer * Crypto Mining * CashApp Transfer Email: dwchzone@gmail.com Text & Call or WhatsApp: +18033921735 WEBSITE: https://darkwebcycberhackers.com
Halbert Moore
2022-06-14 в 15:00:53
Thanks to pinnacle credit specialists for helping me and my family. I call them life saver, they helped me clear all my debt without any trace and also purchased a new house for my family. My previous credit score was at Equifax 526, TransUnion 557, and Experian 568. I had 29 accounts, 2 collections, 2 public records and 20 inquiries. I came across pinnacle credit specialists on a google forum, I shared my problems with them, they pulled my credit score to 815 across the 3 credit bureaus. All negative items have been wiped off. Thanks to pinnacle you can contact them on: PINNACLECREDITSPECIALIST@GMAIL.COM you can also text them on: +1 (585) 466 4373.
Betty Kari
2021-10-27 в 02:59:17
I am very pleased with the help CYBER CREDIT GURU rendered in restoring my credits. I am a disabled Veteran who over the past 2 years had to let my credit go due to health priorities that were not covered by VA & other insurance, my credit scores were 514 Experian, 515 Equifax, and 518 TransUnion. No public records, only 3 open Accts but several collection Accts with Zero Balances, few Weeks ago, I ran into some Credit blogs on the net which led me to CYBER CREDIT GURU the most talked about US based Russian hacker, who tremendously repaired and upgraded my credit score to 784, 789, and 802 within the 3 Bureaus in just a Week after I contacted him. If faced with similar challenge, connect with him via: C Y B E R C R E D I T G U R U (AT) G M A I L (DOT) C O M or Call / Text: +1(650) 239 7249 you too can be helped, I recommend him without hesitation.
The Man
2022-06-03 в 00:28:04
Cobblers!