Ancient viruses can defeat cancer
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Perhaps the medicine is on the threshold of great discoveries.
The Discovery of a universal panacea has always been the fundamental goal of the doctors of the XXI century. According to the study, which was conducted within the walls of the Institute.Francis Crick, of the DNA of ancient viruses can cause the immune system to successfully identify and even destroy tumors. In this case, in what way can be another breakthrough in medicine?
Sleeping viruses can help in the fight against cancer
Popular in scientific circles journal Genome Research argues that the fragments of human DNA contains traces of the so-called «endogenous retroviruses», which at the time brought a lot of trouble to our ancestors. Over millions of years, our ancestors were carriers of the countless number of different viruses, which led to the fact that the information about them to the modern world is now much greater than the amount of information even about the man himself. It is known that approximately 8 percent of the human genome consists of viral DNA, while all known human genes constitute only 1-2 percent.
Currently, the viral DNA is dormant due to the fact that the human body for its existence, is constantly subjected to evolutionary change, gradually increasing their resistance to different kind of viruses. However, when a cell turns into a cancerous part of some of the mechanisms of repression may fail, activating ancient viral DNA.
What are genes?
According to popular opinion, genes are pieces of DNA, which contain full instructions for the production of proteins that perform most important functions in the cell or the organism as a whole. Such instructions are translated to RNA molecules to obtain the proteins. However, the process of transcription can influence DNA outside of the gene, what are some endogenous retroviruses.
In the human genome is a huge amount of viral genes.
In order to fully explore how the interaction of endogenous retroviruses with transcription, a team of scientists studied a sample of patients suffering from 31 different types of cancer, using a special technology called «RNASeq», which is able to read even a short, seemingly random fragments of RNA.
the Form of RNA under the microscope
Focusing mainly on the study of transcripts characteristic of melanoma, the researchers applied the algorithm to decode the material in order to make it visible to the immune system. In the experiment, the researchers were able to detect 14 transcripts of potential candidates located in 8 different regions of the human genome, are able to create unique . Later, the researchers were able to narrow down their numbers, leaving only nine unique peptides which can easily be detected by the immune system.
If so, then the study could form the basis for future advanced methods of cancer treatment that will include a kind of vaccination of the human immune system to recognize and successfully attack cancer cells.
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