10 hypothetical astronomical objects that can exist

Space has long been an integral part of our lives. Since we began to understand our surroundings, we often look at the stars in search of answers, inspiration and calm. Monitoring has generated a lot of ideas to create hundreds of films and write a thousand books. Our knowledge of space created calendars and horoscopes, which describe how the location of astronomical objects can identify individual traits of our character and to predict important events in our lives.

Space has inspired and continues to inspire many visionaries of the future. We are trying to develop ways to interstellar travel, the creation of space communication networks and are even considering the likelihood of time travel through wormholes. Presented in today's list of objects look like taken from some old sci-Fi books. However, many scientists believe they could exist somewhere in the vast expanses of space, and it only remains for us to find them, to be sure. So today let's talk about the top ten most interesting hypothetical astronomical objects that can exist in reality.

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Star zombie

As becomes clear from the name itself, it is the stars that somehow literally came back to life. We've all heard about supernova, which are often called the deadly agony of the stars. So, in most cases, supernovae actually represent the final phase of life the stars, when they literally explode and are completely destroyed. However, scientists at NASA believe that the supernova may leave behind a part of a dying dwarf star.

For the First time about the possibility of the appearance of the stars-zombies astronomers talking, when conducted surveillance of a dim blue star, feeding its energy, the larger the star-companion. This process eventually led to the emergence of a relatively small supernova, the classification of "Type Iax". She's not very bright and exudes not much of stellar mass, as do supernova class "Type Ia". At the moment it is the only known processes that lead to the explosion of white dwarfs. Usually, stars that explode at the end of their life cycle, massive and have a relatively short transitional periods. White dwarfs in turn, cooler, live longer and usually do not explode. Instead, they scatter their mass, creating a planetary nebula. NASA experts say they found about 30 supernovae of Type Iax subclass, who left behind a surviving white dwarf. However, it requires additional research and observations to confirm their existence.

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White hole

A white hole scientists theorize dealing with black holes. Working with complex mathematical models that describe black holes, astronomers have found that the presence of the singularity in the center of a black hole, having mass or no mass inside the event horizon can be created by a white hole.

The Models say that if a white hole did exist, their behavior would be completely opposite to black. That is, instead of absorbing completely the whole of the matter surrounding them, they would "spit" out to the Universe. However, the same models say that white holes can only exist if inside the event horizon no matter. Otherwise, even a single atom of matter that are included inside the event horizon of a white hole, will be able to cause its collapse and complete disappearance. That is, if white holes once existed at the beginning of the existence of our Universe, their life cycle would be very short, since the universe is filled with matter.

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Dyson Sphere

The concept of the Dyson sphere was first introduced by Freeman Dyson, American physicist and astronomer, explored this idea through a thought experiment. He presented the sphere of gigantic radius, surrounding the star and acting as a collector of solar energy. In his opinion, sufficiently advanced in terms of technology civilization will be able to use some kind of "shell" or "ring of matter" (literally) with the help of which you can collect up to 100 percent of the radiated energy star and pass it to the planet. Dyson has introduced this "sphere" in an attempt to explain the possibility of the existence of extraterrestrial life in the Universe. The detection of such object anywhere in the Universe will be a direct proof of the existence of highly developed alien civilization.

After the Fact. If one day we will have technology that will allow us to create a Dyson sphere around the Sun, we will be able to generate 384 Yatawatta energy, which is essentially the entire generation capacity of the Sun's core.

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Black midgets

Perhaps the term "black dwarf" and does not cause the same fantastic analogies, as does the term "star-zombie", but the concept of this hypothetical stellar object not less interesting. Astronomers know of the existence of a class stars are white, brown and red dwarfs. Black dwarfs while no one was looking, so they are still closer to theory. However, scientists believe that these objects can be formed from very long time the cooling of white dwarfs when their temperature reaches the temperature of the background radiation — the cosmic microwave background radiation from the Big Bang. His record now is about 2.7 Kelvin.

It is Assumed that these black dwarfs can be almost invisible, since they do not possess an internal source of energy and therefore have a very low temperature. Theoretically, if a white dwarf with a temperature of 5 Kelvin could turn into a black dwarf, it took about 1015 years. However, the life cycle of white dwarfs is very long, therefore reducing their temperature to such a level will have to wait a very long time.

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Quark stars

Quark, or, as they are called, "strange" star is a star consisting of so-called "quark matter", elementary particles of ordinary matter. Astronomers believe that these stars may be created after the mid-sized stars (about 1.44 times smaller than our Sun) runs out of fuel to maintain the thermonuclear reaction, and they move in collapserow stage of its life cycle. During the collapse, protons and electrons are compressed to each other so much that eventually form a neutron. However, scientists assume that if a star has a sufficiently large mass and continued to collapse after this stage, the generated neutrons are under tremendous pressure can be broken into quarks, creating a surprisingly dense form of matter.

In a scientific paper published in 2012, describes a hypothetical character and nature of these strange stars. The authors explain that these stars may be enveloped in thin nuclear "crust" of heavy ions immersed in the electron gas. But not always. Sometimes the bark may be absent. In this case, the quark stars are beginning to produce a very powerful electric field to 1019 V/cm (volts per centimeter).

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Ocean planet

As its name implies — the surface of ocean planets or water worlds, can be completely covered by endless oceans. The idea about the water worlds became popular when space Agency NASA announced the existence of two planets outside our Solar system: Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f. Scientists suspect that these planets could be ocean worlds, and contain a rich variety of ocean life.

In a paper published in June 2004, explains how this type of planets can be formed. It is believed that such planets can appear only at a relatively great distance from their home stars, and then slowly begin to approach them (in about a period of about 1 million years). Through time the planet becomes 5-10 times closer to the star than was initially formed. The article also discusses the internal structure of such planets, and how deep can be the oceans and what kind of atmosphere can cover these water worlds.

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Chthonic planet

The Idea of chthonic planets became popular thanks to the planet Osiris, which is about 153 years from the Solar system. Scientists of the space Agency NASA were surprised to discover carbon and oxygen in the atmosphere of a planet outside the Solar system. However, it later emerged another interesting detail — the atmosphere of Osiris evaporates very quickly.

On the basis of this, the researchers brought a new class of planets, called chthonic. Be they when gas giants similar to our Jupiter, overlook the critical level of convergence with their native stars. In this case, the outer layers of its atmosphere begin to evaporate quickly. Essentially a Chthonic planet are the remains of once-large gas giants that have lost their gas envelope and exposing his dense Central core.

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Prionia stars

The Hypothetical peonie stars can be a continuation of the quark. When the star shrinks so much that will turn into a quark star, but still retain enough mass to continue the process of collapse, the quarks, according to scientists, will be divided into peony.

To date, science has not found the way to separate the quarks to peony. However, if the quarks of them really are, theoretically, the star will be able to achieve an even more dense state.

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Galaxy ghosts

The So-called galaxy-ghosts are dark galaxies with very few stars. They are so effective in creating new bodies that are mainly composed of gas and dust, making them virtually invisible. They are still considered hypothetical objects, but...