The astronomers have finally discovered one of the secrets of the solar core
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The Internal structure of the Sun is hidden from our eyes, so it is not surprising that the core of our sun could hide a very interesting secret. For the first time scientists were able to accurately measure the speed of rotation of the solar core, seeing that it is much higher (about 4 times) the speed of rotation of the surface of the disc.
The Researchers figured that the speed of rotation of the core and the surface is uneven, but find out for sure was not possible. However, recent data obtained by the spacecraft SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory), a joint project of the European space Agency and NASA, have provided the first evidence of the presence of some low-frequency surface gravity waves (not to be confused with ordinary gravity waves), carried through the Sun and as it turns out, is key to understanding the speed of rotation of its nucleus.
"We were looking for these mysterious gravitational waves from the Sun for more than 40 years, and although previous attempts to find gave some hints of their presence, nothing specific could not be found", — says astronomer Eric Fossat from the Observatory of the Cote d'azur in France.
"And finally we found a way how to define their signature".
Until recently, scientists were able to measure only high-frequency waves, or as they are called longitudinal, or "p-waves" (PI waves) that pass through the upper solar layers and are easily located on the solar surface. G-wave, in turn, penetrate much deeper into the structure of the Sun and because of this, can you tell us about the behavior of its nucleus. On the surface of the disc, they do not have a clear signature.
"We have studied almost all of the wave vibrations, but in most cases they represent sound waves. However, it had to be gravitational waves, vertical and horizontal movement and oscillation, like waves in the sea."
Using data collected during 16 years of working space Observatory SOHO, the researchers were able to identify the type g-waves, called g-mode, and, analyzing them, found out how much you want the sound wave to overcome the internal structure of the Sun and exit back to the surface. The results showed 4 hours and 7 minutes. Comparing the results, scientists noted a number of modulations, similar to lapping movement of underwater waves, which showed the researchers how the g-waves shake the solar core. Data suggest that the core makes a complete revolution around its axis once per week, almost four times faster than the speed of rotation of the solar surface and intermediate layers, which speed also varies. In the Equatorial region full rotation takes place over 25 days at the poles the average is 35 days.
"It's definitely the most important result of the work of SOHO over the last decade and one of the most amazing discoveries made by this machine for all time of its work" — said Bernhard Fleck, a scientific project officer from the SOHO space flight Center of NASA Goddard.
As for this difference in speed, then, according to the researchers, it could begin during the early years of the Sun. Scientists believe that somehow the radiation and the solar wind generated by the sun, is able to slow down the rotation of the outer layers of the star, but the impact in this case could be only on the surface layers and do not affect the inner core.
"the Most likely explanation may be that the speed of rotation of the core of the Sun remained at this level since the formation of a star about 4.6 billion years ago. Pretty exciting to imagine what we might discover part of what the Sun was, when formed", — noted astronomer Roger Ulrich from the University of California in Los Angeles.
In General, for astronomers confirmation of the existence of waves of type g-mode is a significant achievement, as was looking for them for decades. At the same time to stop the scientists do not plan to.
"the Opportunity to look at the internal structure of the Sun and to carry out an indirect estimation of the velocity of rotation of its nucleus are very important. Now that the search, which lasted more than a decade, came to its end, it is time for a new yliopisto", — said Fossat.
The Results of the researchers ' work was published in the latest issue of the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
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