Scientists were able to turn the spleen to the liver inside a living mouse. And it works!
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Liver you can create based on other authority
The failure of an organ in a human physicians usually transplant the new organ from the donor, if possible. For example, is now quite common transplantation of the liver and kidneys. However, doctors often not much time for the donor search, besides there is a risk that "foreign" on may not work fully, or the body simply will not accept it. Another difficulty is that a donor organ has to match different outgoing vessels and channels, otherwise it will have no meaning. Scientists are constantly developing new methods of transplantation, a Chinese biologist decided to go ahead and turn one on a living organism to another.
A Group of biologists were able to successfully grow a new organ inside the body of a patient — the laboratory mouse. For this they were subjected to transformation spleen and made it working in the liver. The essence of the experiment was to eliminate the obstacle in the form of necessary connections with blood vessels, as occurs in organ transplant from a donor. Instead, the scientists decided to take the necessary frame vessels for the new liver from an already existing organ (spleen), which is not a vital.
How is the spleen turned into liver
First, the researchers shifted the body closer to the skin to monitor the condition of the spleen in real time. When moving it is not damaged and continued to perform its function. Further, biologists have embarked on a transformation of the spleen to the liver: for this, they have reduced activity of the immune system and treated with spleen extract of mouse tumors (sarcoma). With it released protein of intercellular substances required to build the liver.
The processing of an extract of spleen has increased in size almost twice and began to weigh much more. However, this did not affect the work of other bodies and the health of mice, according to scientists. After the spleen is increased, biologists began to settle in her liver cells. They tested how accustomed own the liver cells and mouse liver cells of the other mice, human liver cells, and liver cells grown artificially. In the end were able to settle down all the cells but the liver cells from a mouse. took most of a new body. With their help, managed to form a characteristic structure of the liver (Yes, right in the spleen!), as well as the bile duct.
Transformed in the liver, the spleen (left) and the usual
After the completion of the experience, the researchers tested whether transformed spleen performs the functions of the liver. To their surprise, a new body was capable of synthesizing the fats and produce blood proteins, as does normal liver animal or human. The final stage of the experiment was deleting 90% of liver present in some experimental mice, they all survived.
is it Possible to grow a liver?
Biologists that , with the proper degree of preparation from the spleen it is really possible to get a working liver. In mice, this procedure did not cause severe side effects. However, they have yet to verify that cells of the new liver did not die in the absence of substances secreted by the intestinal wall, which gets the usual liver through the blood. So to speak about the application of the new method of transformation of organs in the human premature. However, if experiments will go smoothly, subsequently, the transformation of one organ into another can be an alternative to donor transplantation. Like .
Now liver transplant depends on professional skills of specialists and of the body. Currently, there are several types of transplant organs, which can be carried out from the man himself (like skin grafts), and donor. During the preparation of the organ to the transplantation team of clinicians has to remove the body from the body and prepare it for transportation, which can take a considerable amount of time and significantly affect the ability of the organ.
Experts took human skin cells and genetically modified them, creating them from stem cells. In parallel, researchers took the liver of a rat and removed out of its own cells, leaving the body only its "skeleton". Previously after that, the resulting stem cells were implanted in rat liver. To transplant such a body is impossible (too few studies), but the authors do not rule out the further use of artificial liver as a testing "ground" for new medicines.
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