How the Universe appeared the very first black holes?
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Speaking in a General sense, in the Universe there are two kinds of black holes. The first is a black hole of stellar mass and relatively small size. They are born as a result of the death of old stars. Drawing using gravity and absorbing gas, other stars and other matter in space, they become supermassive black holes (second view) – significantly larger and more massive objects. Scientists believe that supermassive black holes first appeared in the Universe. But how could this happen if for a long time in the early Universe there were no stars, of which they could be born?
look How supermassive black holes?
Take a Look at the picture above. It shows one of the large (supermassive) black holes in our Universe. Look at her background, the sizes of the orbits of Neptune (the furthest planet in the Solar system) and the orbit of the Earth. In astronomy the distance is considered to be in light years, months, weeks, days, hours and minutes. In short – it's all the distance that light travels in one earth year (months, weeks, etc.).
Its mass is 14% of the mass of the entire galaxy in which it resides. Billions solar masses.
To gain millions and billions of solar masses, which can boast a similar supermassive black holes, can take a very long time. However, there were already black holes that appeared surprisingly early. Known objects that appeared later and even 690 800 million years after the Big Bang, when stars in the Universe was still very small.
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How did the first black holes in the Universe?
Difficult to understand how they could be formed and grow in such a short time. This mystery remains one of the most interesting in modern astronomy. And there have been proposed many different hypotheses. Here, for example .
However, scientists from the University of Western Ontario that the first black holes could have appeared as a result of "direct collapse" — not from the stars but from dense accumulations of gas in the centers of the first galaxies that were in the process of its formation. Warming up intensively and emitting radiation, such concentrations blocked the emergence of young stars in all the vast expanse of outer space.
The Presence of a huge number free of matter (gas and dust) allowed these clusters to quickly gain critical mass and density. Then they collapsed, leaving behind black holes with a mass of tens to hundreds of thousands of suns.
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it can pull gas straight to the point, yet around the black hole will begin to accumulate substance, forming a hot disk, emitting intense radiation and repulsive incoming gas, thus stopping the growth of the black hole. This is called the Eddington limit.
Scientists from the University of Western Ontario have proposed a mathematical model of this process, showing that he really could develop very quickly. The researchers explain that the radiation of the newborn stars and other holes soon reached a critical limit. As a result, "direct collapse" new supermassive holes became impossible.
Black holes are still keeping a lot of secrets, the secret of which, as scientists believe, may provide answers about how appeared and developed the universe in which we live.
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