Scientists have discovered a new quantum state of matter
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Physics Department quantum information and matter California Institute of technology have discovered a new state of matter – a three-dimensional quantum liquid crystals. The discovery promises a progress in the development of the technology of ultrafast quantum computing and, according to scientists, is "only the tip of the iceberg."
Particles of conventional quantum liquid crystals have a phase of free movement (as it is still liquid), but have some characteristics inherent in solids. Liquid crystals can create artificial means (they are easy to meet in our everyday life, for example, all the displays of electronic devices) or found in nature, where they form biological cell membranes.
Quantum Liquid crystals were first discovered in 1999. The particles basically behave like the particles of conventional liquid crystals, but their electrons, as a rule, are oriented along certain axes. The three-dimensional electron liquid quantum crystals, in turn, can have very different magnetic properties depending on the direction of their motion along the given axis. From a practical point of view, this means that the electrification of the material based on them will allow you to turn it into a magnet, or change the strength or direction of its magnetism.
Thanks to this feature, according to researchers, three-dimensional quantum liquid crystals can be used in the design and manufacture of more efficient computer chips. The opening of the three-dimensional quantum liquid crystals will also reduce the way to the beginning of production of high-grade quantum computers capable of far faster to decode and much faster to perform computational operations due to the quantum nature of particles.
Creation of a quantum computer remains a daunting task due to the specificity of quantum effects, which are very unstable. The quantum state can easily be changed or even destroyed by their simple interactions with their environment. This problem can be solved using the method requiring the use of special materials – topological superconductors. And it is here that the main role can claim a three-dimensional quantum liquid crystals.
"in the same way as in the time of two-dimensional quantum liquid crystals were considered harbingers of the emergence of high-temperature superconductors, three-dimensional quantum liquid crystals are considered harbingers of the emergence of topological superconductors, which we all wait" — says the Caltech Professor of physics and one of the study participants David CoE.
"Instead of relying on intuition when designing topological superconductors, we now have a rational basis in the form of three-dimensional quantum liquid crystals", — adds John Harter, lead author of the study and the author of the press release, published in the journal Science.
"Topological superconductors, our next goal on the agenda" — total Harter.
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