Supermassive black holes in the Universe may be two times larger than previously thought
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A New discovery by astronomers has the potential to double the number of supermassive black holes in the Universe. Science for a long time it was thought that supermassive black holes usually exist only in the centers of large galaxies like our milky Way, but a new study confirms the view that these objects may exist in the centers of dwarf galaxies.
The Study was launched three years ago, when astronomers at the University of Utah (USA) have discovered a black hole, conveniently located in the center of ultra-compact dwarf galaxy M60-UCD1. However, more recently the same team of scientists also found two dwarf galaxies with supermassive black holes at their centers, suggesting that such a relationship — the phenomenon is not rare, as previously predicted. Weight to this assumption adds the fact that in the visible Universe can be approximately 7 trillion dwarf galaxies, so it's hard to talk about some normal luck. Moreover, a new study has shown that, despite its size, dwarf galaxies can contain black holes with a size even bigger than the one that exists in the center of our milky Way.
"It's just not impressive. The size of these ultra-compact galaxies is only 0.1 percent of the size of our milky Way, and yet they somehow settle black holes larger than the hole in the center of our galaxy", — says lead researcher Chris An.
For clarity, I advise you to watch the video below, which talks about how big can black holes and what weight they are able to possess.
When astronomers began to detect ultra-compact dwarf galaxies in the 90-ies, they were immediately interested in one very strange detail — the mass of these galaxies is not correlated with the mass of all their stars. In further research the assumption was made that this extra weight can create supermassive black holes.
"We still do not fully understand how to form and evolve galaxies. Available in their centers black holes can tell us about how the galaxy are facing each other and merge" — said the Academy.
Using adaptive optics to more effectively observe the galaxies, the researchers conducted the measurement of two ultra-compact galaxies: VUCD3 and M59cO. It was found that the black hole mass galaxy VUCD3 accounts for 13 percent of the total mass of the entire galaxy. The share of the black hole of the galaxy M59cO, in turn, accounted for 18 percent of the total mass of its galaxy. Scientists is very surprised, as these figures were much higher than typical for black holes in the milky Way, whose mass is slightly less than 0.1 percent of the total mass of the galaxy. In addition, the observation results questioned the assumption that the observed objects actually are not dwarf galaxies, but they represent a massive star cluster consisting of hundreds of thousands of stars that appeared at the same time. Now scientists believe that these dwarf galaxies were once larger, but at the time faced even more massive galaxies, tore them to pieces with the power of his gravity.
"We know that the galaxy will sooner or later collide and merge. This is one of the essential features of the development of all galaxies in the Universe. For example, our milky Way now while I say this, too, devours a nearby dwarf galaxy, and after some time you will face more massive Andromeda galaxy", — says one researcher, Anil Seth.
"Our common picture of how galaxies form, based on the fact that small galaxies eventually absorbed by larger ones. But the details in this picture was incomplete. The observation of ultra-compact galaxies, in turn, allows us to more clearly represent the direct development of galaxies and discover that these objects could have happened in the past."
The Output from this can be done like this: despite its compact size, the dwarf galaxy can hide the answers to the big questions about the Universe.
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