Unfair penalty for a goalkeeper, but to fix it
Source:
Penalty – one of those elements of games that make football particularly interesting. So it was that a penalty is completely unfair to the goalie. Statistics show that the chances to reflect a ball in the goalkeeper is almost there. However, this can be corrected with the knowledge of economists.
Some data on penalties:
the-
the
- In 2014, 72.5 percent of the penalty in the world Cup were filled. the
- the goalkeeper is 0.4 seconds trying to hit the shot. During this time you can blink. the
- To strike requires 0.1 seconds. the
- Average ball speed of 110 kilometers per hour. the
- the direction of the ball, the goalkeeper can only be understood at the level of 7.5 meters. the
- Goalkeeper requires an additional 0.5 seconds to react and hit the ball. After this time, the ball usually is already at the gate.
It Turns out that the goalkeeper has to react before there will be a strike. It is a widely known fact. Or have to rely on luck, or on game theory. Economist Ignacio Palacios-Huerta proved that game theory can bring good result for soccer goalkeepers.
Game Theory is a popular strategy in the economy. It is based on predicting the opponent's actions. Ignacio Palacios-Huerta studied 11 thousand penalty kicks. He identified trends, which are typical for certain players, and tried to predict their actions in the future. In 2008, he turned to give an accurate forecast.
In the final of the Champions League meet the teams of Chelsea and Manchester United. The star of Manchester United Cristiano Ronaldo reached the line to take a penalty. At this point, the goalkeeper Chelsea had the opportunity to take the advice of Ignacio Palacios-Huerta. The economist told the Keeper that if Ronaldo stops during the run, almost certainly the ball will fly right. The Council worked and the goalkeeper was able to parry. However, the day Manchester United all the same won.
Anyway, now goalies can improve their chances during a penalty shoot-out. To help them unable economists.
If you like football and you follow the 2018 world Cup, find out . In addition, you can find out who made artificial intelligence.
Recommended
Can genes create the perfect diet for you?
Diet on genotype can be a way out for many, but it still has a lot of questions Don't know what to do to lose weight? DNA tests promise to help you with this. They will be able to develop the most individual diet, because for this they will use the m...
How many extraterrestrial civilizations can exist nearby?
If aliens exist, why don't we "hear" them? In the 12th episode of Cosmos, which aired on December 14, 1980, co-author and host Carl Sagan introduced viewers to the same equation of astronomer Frank Drake. Using it, he calculated the potential number ...
Why does the most poisonous plant in the world cause severe pain?
The pain caused to humans by the Gimpi-gympie plant can drive him crazy Many people consider Australia a very dangerous place full of poisonous creatures. And this is a perfectly correct idea, because this continent literally wants to kill everyone w...
Related News
The main problem of the future colonists of the moon – dust
Humanity is not only to return to the moon, but in the future even founded a colony. Such ambitious plans require extensive training, especially given the extremely hostile local environment. In an effort to find ways to protect a...
The new packaging will allow a second to identify spoiled food
How to determine the quality of the product? Color? Smell? Of course, but many disease-causing microorganisms and the quality of the product, do not always cause visible to the naked eye changes. In this case, it will help only by...
Study: which brands indicate a fat wallet
If you have an iPhone, then you earn a lot of money. To such conclusion the National Bureau of economic research at the University of Chicago. Report prepared by Marianne Bertrand and Emir Kamenica. They believe that any one brand...
Study: walnuts improve fertility in men
Eating nuts "significantly" increases the number and improves the health of sperm in young males, the study found. The findings "support a beneficial role of chronic consumption of tree nuts to improve sperm quality," say the rese...
In March, died last male Northern white Rhino, leaving only two females of this subspecies. Not having any way to reproduce naturally, the rhinos went to the edge of extinction back to back. But some scientists want to be involved...
The limit of human longevity achieved? As it is not so!
In 1997 at age 122 years Jeanne calment died. She was the longest-lived person in the history of mankind (at least, among those whose deaths have been documented). But after it there will be others. According to a new study, publi...
Astronomers for the first time directly see the process of the birth of the planet
Astronomers for the first time in the history of the image of the birth of planets from a protoplanetary disc surrounding their home star, an orange dwarf star located about 370 light years from Earth. About the presence of emergi...
Thousands of cryptocurrency projects already dead
Two sites that are actively catalogservlet bad cryptoprocta, Coinopsy and DeadCoins, found that more than 1,000 projects were defeated in 2018. Projects range from just thrown to outright Scam. It is not surprising that institutio...
What can people do for a smartphone today
In recent years, increasingly raised the topic of smartphones. Gambling addiction is already recognized disease, and companies like Apple, Google and Facebook are making efforts to ensure that we can monitor the operation time of ...
Elon Musk and the new study on alien life: we should go to Mars
Elon Musk has long been can not refuse from the idea of colonizing other planets. He collected thousands of employees in SpaceX, which built the ship , able to transport 100 people and 150 tons of cargo to Mars. Today he has even ...
Interstellar visitor Omwamwi was a comet, not an asteroid
Visit our Solar system "the first interstellar visitor" Omwamwi actually turned out to be a comet. To such conclusions scientists have led to the observed anomalies in the trajectory and speed of movement. Strange cigar-shaped obj...
Scientists have recorded a record low temperature on Earth
what do you think, where is the coldest place on Earth? Perhaps now, many of you thought about Oymyakon, because something I heard somewhere. But, no. Only Oymyakon coldest place in Russia. In 1926, there was recorded temperature ...
Scientists have discovered nearly 1,000 new genes associated with intelligence
the Researchers found 1016 of specific genes associated with intelligence, most of which was previously unknown to science. An international group of scientists conducted a large-scale study and found 190 new genetic loci and 939 ...
How do neutrino detectors: an example of Japanese "Super-Kamiokande"
Hidden at the depth of 1 km under the mountain, Ikeno, in a zinc mine Kamioka, 290 km North from Tokyo (Japan) is the place as its lair would dream of any super villain from some movie or story about supercoach. Here is a "Super-K...
"Microlaser" the size of a cell can regulate the activity of the brain
Scientists spent years trying to create lasers smaller and smaller sizes. The latest invention labs Berkeley, however, special in its kind and can lead to significant changes in medicine. An international group of scientists has d...
NASA unveiled a new plan to counter asteroid threats
According to statistics, the chances that you will die from asteroid has a much lower chance of being killed by lightning. From time to time space the stones closer to our planet, but the vast majority of cases all ends well – the...
recently we talked about the fact that media companies must increasingly look to the demands of Generation Z. Colleagues from Business Insider interviewed 100 teenagers. The task is to find out how they watch TV. The results of th...
Physicists finally found the "missing" baryons of the Universe
Scientists from the University of Colorado at boulder found a last reservoir of normal matter hiding in the Universe. Out of the ordinary (baryonic) matter consist of all existing physical objects, from stars to black holes. But u...
Japanese probe Hayabusa2 got the first images of the asteroid "Ryugu"
Japanese space probe Hayabusa2 is now approaching its target, asteroid 1999 JU3 ("Ryugu"). On this occasion the machine made at the moment the best photos of this space object. The probe, launched late December 2014, should get cl...
The "best" scenario of nuclear war has shown dismal results
On the Ground, now more than 15 000 nuclear warheads — enough to blow everything to hell. Even more than enough. But how many nuclear explosions would it take to destroy the enemy? How many nuclear warheads a country-aggressor can...
Comments (0)
This article has no comment, be the first!