The popular theory of the origin of the Universe has problems

The Universe had a beginning. But what had started it? It was in the beginning? We know that it all started with a fairly quick expansion and ended with the emergence of a large number of galaxies, is made of small particles. But that was before that? What were the laws of physics, when it started? Famous physicists James hartle and Stephen Hawking have proposed several answers to these questions several decades ago. New work of another group of physicists analyzed the popular interpretation of the geometry of the Big Bang, Hawking and Hartl and have encountered some trouble. These results shed light on the problem of the origin of the Universe. A new obstacle that will have to overcome all theories of the future.

"We tried to conduct a more rigorous calculation and got a different solution," says job, Feldbrugge, resident-graduate student of the Institute Perimeter. "The theory that we use, sheds new light on existing theory and shows that it may not work as we expected."

Usually, scientists are trying to understand the beginning of the Universe, peering into the laws of gravity Einstein called the General theory of relativity, and playing them in reverse order. In the end, they want to get to the point when the universe was very small. But the most interesting questions arise on the topic of what looked like the young universe was small enough to obey the laws of quantum mechanics, which governs the smallest particles, atoms and photons.

There are several ways to start a Universe like ours. Maybe, I thought Hawking and hartle, this condensed universe was only one point in space with a special quantum state, the so-called wave function that describes all this in the language of quantum mechanics. Then there was the time. Philosophy and religion have much to discuss on this subject, but mathematicians need a pen and paper. This point the universe evolved on the basis of the mathematics of General relativity with the original properties of quantum mechanics embedded in its structure. Thus, these tiny random fluctuations of energy in the space was in the process of rapid expansion — inflation — to turn into a large-scale of the density difference that we observed in the modern Universe, galaxies, and voids. The theory of Hawking and Hartl was one of several ways to designate a beginning of the Universe without a singularity, a point of zero volume and infinite mass, which didn't make much sense. Other ideas, such as those offered Alexander Vilenkin not imply that the initial singularity.

A New article that recently appeared on the arXiv pre-print server, enters the problem. The calculations in the mathematics of Hawking, Vilenkin and Hartles new command is not received tiny quantum fluctuations needed to create the Universe today. Instead, these fluctuations and giant made the universe completely unlike ours.

"the Calculations that we made, lead to strong gravitational waves after the Big Bang," says Feldbrugge huge fluctuations in the form of space-time. "This could lead to the universe as it is today. Calculations contradict what we see."

Hartl not too concerned about the team's results, Feldbrugge. "In cosmology we still have too little data compared with what could be," he says. "Therefore we do our best, supporting part of the theory that best fits our observations". He finds a new job the next attempt to turn the game offered more information and other mathematical path that can be followed by scientists. "The researchers may choose to chase them for this idea or another."

His team has also recently published another work of revising his own mathematics, and demonstrated why his theory still works.

And yet mathematics, Feldbrugge and his team, seems to indicate that smooth the appearance of the universe without any singularity, "not an option". Their math straight contests Hartl and Hawking.

Linking quantum mechanics and General relativity to explain the origin of the Universe is neither something new nor a problem is close to resolution. In fact, it is one of the main problems that trying to solve theoretical physicists, given its importance for understanding the origin of the Universe, when both sets of laws apply in the same scale, and the importance for black holes where gravity is so strong that light can not leave.

But the most important thing is that Feldbrugge does not believe that the universe, beginning with the laws of quantum mechanics and relativity, can create small fluctuations, which will lead to a universe like ours — he thinks there must be something else. "It is unclear what decision will become the final version," he says.

The Opinions of physicists on this matter is very different. Paul Steinhardt, Professor of physics at Princeton University, says that already there are alternative ways to avoid problems in your new job, and other complaints of model Hawking — Hartl. This so-called infinite model requires some mathematical workarounds to create a universe like ours.

"What's the alternative? Bounce without singularity," he says, referring to the model that he develops, along with cosmologist theorist from Princeton Anna Ideas. According to this model, the universe collapses and then set in our own universe, long before you can start to think about the effects of quantum mechanics.

Sabine Hossenfelder, researcher at Frankfurt Institute for advanced studies, is not sure new results. "The only thing I can conclude is that we didn't know how the universe began before was written this work. And we didn't know it after this work was published". Theoreticians serious about math and did the calculations over time and space long before they confirm the telescopes. The only way to know for sure what is happening, this is an experiment.

Today, most of these theories can be confirmed or refuted by observations of the oldest light that reaches us, the cosmic microwave background. Scientists hope that insights from their theories will highlight an important signature of these data.

Is it Possible to check the operation of Feldbrugge and his team? They're just getting started. Obviously, this is gonna take a lot of time. Scientists need to eventually create a universe that is like ours. But the details of this process have not yet been determined.