A new hypothesis explains how might have the first supermassive black holes
Source:Few would argue with the opinion that supermassive black holes are among the deadliest of astronomical objects in the Universe. The incredible level of their gravity does not allow anything, even light, to escape absorption as soon as the object crosses the border of the horizon. It is therefore not surprising that these «space gluttons» do not weaken the level of attention of scientists in their side since the beginning of the 20th century.
Modern science believes that the so-called supermassive black holes present in the center of almost all the major (and only) galaxies, including our own. At the same time, for science still remain unanswered many questions related to the nature of these objects. But a new study by an international team of astronomers, perhaps, answers one of the most interesting issues related to very large black holes, how supermassive black hole has a mass millions or even billions of times greater than the mass of our Sun, could so quickly be formed at the dawn of the history of our Universe. After observing the first galaxies have shown that black holes at their center a supermassive steel after only 800 million years after the appearance of the Universe.
Using computer modeling, the researchers found that these giants are really capable of grow very quickly if they suck enough life (read: absorb radiation) of neighboring galaxies, thus significantly slowing down the process of star formation in these galaxies. This could happen in the following way: adjacent to the black hole galaxy from time to time spits out powerful bursts of cosmic radiation, which share molecular hydrogen (H2) to atomic hydrogen, thereby allowing to form new stars, as all the resulting material is sucked into a black hole, allowing it to quickly accumulate their mass. The conclusions of the astronomers was published in the latest issue of the journal Nature Astronomy.
"the Collapse of galaxies and the formation of black holes with a mass a million times greater than the mass of the Sun takes only about 100,000 years – actually a moment in the cosmic sense", — explains co-author and Professor of astronomy at Columbia University Zoltan Hyman.
"a few hundred million years the black hole turns into a supermassive black hole, and spreading to the masses, which is already billions of times greater than the sun. And it's already much faster than we could expect."
Despite their current excessive appetites, the very first supermassive black holes, so to speak, still adhere to certain "standards of behavior at the table". The researchers found that a nearby black hole, the galaxy must possess a certain size, brightness, and also reside a certain distance from the galaxy, which actually is itself a black hole. However, the size of the galaxy as a donor and the distance to the galaxy a carrier of a supermassive black hole can be much smaller than said previous studies.
"a Nearby galaxy in this case, it should not be too close or too far, or says "the Goldilocks principle" to be too cold or too hot," — according to another study co-author, John wise, Professor of astrophysics from Georgia Institute of Technology (USA). — That is, only in the presence of the galaxy as a donor of the right size and the right distance from the galaxy-the media black hole we can get such super fast growth the last."
The Researchers believe, if we will look at how could be formed first and the most ancient black holes, we can better understand which was the universe long before the existence of our Solar system. Scientists plan to continue to parse today's study and one of the tasks put the study of how exactly the merger of millions of black holes and stars could lead to the emergence of the most ancient of large black holes.
"Understanding how could there be supermassive black holes can tell us about how it formed and evolved galaxies, including our own, as well as give us new information about the history of the Universe in which we all live," — summed up the study's lead author, John Regan, PhD student at City University of Dublin.
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