How does it work? | Motion sensor
Source:The motion Sensors are widely used in security systems to detect intrusion, as well as for automation of lighting and HVAC equipment in homes and offices. Analysts expect growth in the use of motion sensors by 14% annually until 2020. The largest growth is expected in Europe and Russia in the sphere of protection from outside penetration in the home automation framework. How does the motion sensor — this was in today's issue!
Motion sensors based on the analysis of various wave types coming from the environment. Depending on the type of the applied wave motion sensors are infrared, radio wave, ultrasonic and combined.
The Principle of operation infrared motion sensor based on the determination of the object temperature which differs from ambient temperature. Infrared or thermal radiation is focused by special optical system — a Fresnel lens — and is directed to sensitive semiconductor element — a pyroelectric material. This causes a change of electric potential of a pyroelectric material, which is processed by a special algorithm and leads to the activation of the fire alarm. That the sensor did not react on a heated, but stationary objects, lenses break detection zone of the sensor into several separate beams. The sensor is triggered in that case, if the object consistently crosses a few rays. While moving with very low speed may not fix the system.
The Principle of ultrasonic motion sensor based on sound locations. The basis for such a sensor is a sound generator that produces oscillations with a frequency of 25-40 kHz. They are not audible to the human ear, but, like all sound waves are reflected from obstacles and come back to the source. The motion sensor has the emitter oscillation and a microphone, which senses the reflected signal. In accordance with the Doppler effect any body that crosses the radiation flux changes the interference pattern. Therefore, the frequency of the reflected signal will differ from the radiated frequency. As emitter and receiver elements are used piezoelectric.
The radio-Wave motion sensor works on the same principle as ultrasound, only instead of audio frequency microchip generates microwave radiation with a frequency of 2.5 GHz. If the area of wave propagation there is a moving object, change the length and frequency of the wave that defines the receiver. Radio waves can pass through non-metallic barriers, for example through the walls and wooden furniture, in addition, they are quite expensive. Because they are commonly used to monitor large commercial areas, such as behind the warehouses.
To avoid false positives, used a combination of sensors. Usually one device combined infrared and radio wave sensors. This circuit has high noise immunity, reliability and lack of false positives.
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